Summary for : (702) Alauda

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBACBC | X-2.70 ± 1.94   (D)72 %189.0 ± 12.76.7 %9.54e+18 ± 6.58e+1869 %SEVM
MBACBC | X-2.91 ± 1.35   (C)46 %189.7 ± 8.64.5 %1.04e+19 ± 4.62e+1844 %Sw.avg
MBAB1.64 ± 0.99   (D)60 %191.7 ± 8.24.3 %6.06e+18 ± 3.60e+1859 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(702) Alauda194.72 ± 3.201.6 % STM2004D93 3.20 1
(702) Alauda175.00 ± 6.003.4 % Img2006D34 5.44 2
(702) Alauda169.08 ± 4.342.6 % STM2010D64 21.05 3
(702) Alauda215.64 ± 9.234.3 % NEATM2010D64 8.34 4
(702) Alauda190.58 ± 2.651.4 % STM2011D83 0.36 5
(702) Alauda201.96 ± 4.632.3 % NEATM2011D72 7.84 6

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

Img : Apparent size in disk-resolved imaging. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (189.0 ± 12.74) km   (ΔD/D = 7%, SNR = 14.84) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.70 ± 1.94) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 72%, SNR = 1.4)


References
D34(2006):Marchis, F., Kaasalainen, M., Hom, E.F.Y., Berthier, J., Enriquez, J., Hestroffer, D., Le Mignant, D., de Pater, I., 2006. Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. Icarus 185, 39–63.
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(702) Alauda1.36e+19 ± 1.12e+1982 %Ephem 2010M9310.13 1
(702) Alauda6.06e+18 ± 3.60e+1859 %BinImg 2011M980.94 2
(702) Alauda3.45e+18 ± 7.48e+18217 %Deflec 2011M9710.66 3
(702) Alauda1.17e+18 ± 7.44e+18636 %Deflec 2011M9711.27 4
(702) Alauda2.46e+19 ± 1.06e+1943 %Deflec 2011M9712.02 5
(702) Alauda2.20e+19 ± 4.95e+1822 %Ephem 2011M10016.33 6
(702) Alauda1.31e+19 ± 1.99e+1815 %OrbFitN 2014M1233.23 7
(702) Alauda6.10e+18 ± 2.51e+1841 %Ephem 2019M1261.89 8

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

BinImg : Binary imaged at optical wavelength. Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').


EVM mass average M = (9.545 ± 6.585) × 1018 kg   (ΔM/M = 69%, SNR = 1.4) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.70 ± 1.94) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 72%, SNR = 1.4)


References
M93(2010):Fienga, A., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., 2010. INPOP10a. Scientific Notes.
M97(2011):Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M98(2011):Rojo, P., Margot, J.L., 2011. Mass and Density of the B-type Asteroid (702) Alauda. Astrophysical Journal 727, 69–74.
M100(2011):Fienga, A., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Manche, H., Gastineau, M., 2011. Asteroid mass determinations with INPOP planetary ephemerides. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 , 1879.
M123(2014):Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,