Summary for : (28) Bellona

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBASS- | -S4.14 ± 2.72   (D)66 %112.1 ± 2.42.1 %3.05e+18 ± 2.00e+1865 %SEVM
MBASS- | -S3.56 ± 4.22   (E)119 %112.2 ± 7.87.0 %2.63e+18 ± 3.08e+18117 %Sw.avg
MBAS3.95 ± 1.28   (C)32 %108.1 ± 11.510.6 %2.62e+18 ± 1.50e+176 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(28) Bellona120.90 ± 3.402.8 % STM2004D93 6.65 1
(28) Bellona123.91 ± 7.386.0 % STM2004D94 2.55 2
(28) Bellona104.25 ± 2.642.5 % STM2010D64 8.91 3
(28) Bellona110.74 ± 0.010.0 % STM2010D642 19291.55 4
(28) Bellona123.98 ± 4.523.6 % NEATM2010D64 6.87 5
(28) Bellona113.69 ± 0.010.0 % NEATM2010D642 24369.08 6
(28) Bellona97.00 ± 11.0011.3 % MDM:LO2011D78 1.89 7
(28) Bellona100.00 ± 10.0010.0 % MDM:LO2011D78 1.47 8
(28) Bellona97.40 ± 1.421.5 % STM2011D832 107.59 9

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

MDM:LO : Multi-Data Modeling: Lightcurves + Occultations. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (112.1 ± 2.35) km   (ΔD/D = 2%, SNR = 47.65) Derived bulk density ρ = (4.14 ± 2.72) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 66%, SNR = 1.5)


References
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D78(2011):Ďurech, J., Kaasalainen, M., Herald, D., Dunham, D., Timerson, B., Hanuš, J., Frappa, E., Talbot, J., Hayamizu, T., Warner, B.D., Pilcher, F., Galád, A., 2011. Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes. Icarus 214, 652–670.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D94(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Egan, M.P., Price, S.D., 2004. MSX Infrared Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. MSX-A-SPIRIT3-5-SBN0003-MIMPS-V1.0.

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(28) Bellona2.78e+18 ± 2.78e+1710 %Deflec 2001M280.98 1
(28) Bellona1.39e+19 ± 3.98e+1829 %Deflec 2008M78127.42 2
(28) Bellona2.47e+18 ± 2.47e+1710 %Ephem 2009M8615.61 3
(28) Bellona9.25e+18 ± 1.97e+1821 %Ephem 2010M93129.89 4
(28) Bellona1.59e+18 ± 5.97e+1738 %OrbFitN 2014M1236.01 5
(28) Bellona4.32e+18 ± 1.13e+1826 %Ephem 2019M1261.26 6

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').


EVM mass average M = (3.055 ± 2.001) × 1018 kg   (ΔM/M = 65%, SNR = 1.5) Derived bulk density ρ = (4.14 ± 2.72) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 66%, SNR = 1.5)


References
M28(2001):Krasinsky, G.A., Pitjeva, E.V., Vasiliev, M.V., Yagudina, E.I., 2001. Estimating masses of asteroids, in: Communications of IAA of RAS.
M78(2008):Ivantsov, A., 2008. Asteroid mass determination at Nikolaev Observatory. Planetary and Space Science 56, 1857–1861.
M86(2009):Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M93(2010):Fienga, A., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., 2010. INPOP10a. Scientific Notes.
M123(2014):Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,