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Summary for : (41) Daphne

Dyn	T.T	T.B	T T.L B	T.D	Density (g/cm^3)	Δρ/ρ	Diameter (km)	ΔD/D	Mass (kg)	ΔM/M	Ref	Avg.M
MBA	C	Ch	- \| -	Ch	2.54 ± 0.97 (C)	38 %	183.9 ± 10.6	5.7 %	8.27e+18 ± 2.84e+18	34 %	S	EVM
MBA	C	Ch	- \| -	Ch	2.07 ± 1.55 (D)	75 %	180.8 ± 7.9	4.4 %	6.42e+18 ± 4.72e+18	74 %	S	w.avg
MBA	Ch				2.03 ± 0.32 (B)	16 %	181.1 ± 9.6	5.3 %	6.31e+18 ± 1.10e+17	2 %	C	?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:

3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

Designation	Diameter / Err (km)	ΔD/D	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(41) Daphne	174.00 ± 11.69	6.7 %	STM	2004	D93		0.72	1
(41) Daphne	172.43 ± 4.08	2.4 %	STM	2010	D64		7.94	2
(41) Daphne	207.87 ± 10.52	5.1 %	NEATM	2010	D64	2	5.18	3
(41) Daphne	187.00 ± 20.00	10.7 %	MDM:LO	2011	D78		0.02	4
(41) Daphne	200.00 ± 10.00	5.0 %	TPM	2011	D79		2.58	5
(41) Daphne	179.61 ± 2.57	1.4 %	STM	2011	D83		2.82	6
(41) Daphne	188.00 ± 5.00	2.7 %	ADAM	2017	D100		0.66	7

plot, average diameter and derived density

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Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

ADAM : All-Data Asteroid Modeling. MDM:LO : Multi-Data Modeling: Lightcurves + Occultations. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model. TPM : Thermophysical Model.

EVM diam. average D = (183.9 ± 10.56) km (ΔD/D = 6%, SNR = 17.42) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.54 ± 0.97) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 38%, SNR = 2.6)

References

D64	(2010):	Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D78	(2011):	Ďurech, J., Kaasalainen, M., Herald, D., Dunham, D., Timerson, B., Hanuš, J., Frappa, E., Talbot, J., Hayamizu, T., Warner, B.D., Pilcher, F., Galád, A., 2011. Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes. Icarus 214, 652–670.
D79	(2011):	Matter, A., Delbo, M., Ligori, S., Crouzet, N., Tanga, P., 2011. Determination of physical properties of the asteroid (41) Daphne from interferometric observations in the thermal infrared. Icarus 215, 47–56.
D83	(2011):	Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93	(2004):	Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D100	(2017):	Hanuš, J., Viikinkoski, M., Marchis, F., et al., 2017. Volumes and bulk densities of forty asteroids from ADAM shape modeling. Astronomy and Astrophysics 601, A114 (2017). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629956

Mass estimates

Designation	Mass / Err (kg)	ΔM/M	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(41) Daphne	1.05e+19 (+9.95e+17 / -9.95e+17)	9 % / 9 %	Ephem	2009	M80	12	5.03	1
(41) Daphne	7.90e+18 (+7.90e+17 / -7.90e+17)	10 % / 10 %	Ephem	2009	M86	12	0.22	2
(41) Daphne	1.83e+19 (+5.23e+18 / -5.23e+18)	29 % / 29 %	Ephem	2010	M93	12	3.68	3
(41) Daphne	8.43e+18 (+3.52e+18 / -3.52e+18)	42 % / 42 %	Ephem	2011	M103	12	0.00	4
(41) Daphne	6.31e+18 (+1.10e+17 / -1.10e+17)	2 % / 2 %	BinImg	2011	M107		316.65	5
(41) Daphne	1.82e+19 (+7.20e+18 / -7.20e+18)	40 % / 40 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	1.90	6
(41) Daphne	3.02e+17 (+5.67e+18 / -5.67e+18)	1877 % / 1877 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	1.97	7
(41) Daphne	4.76e+18 (+5.50e+18 / -5.50e+18)	116 % / 116 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	0.41	8
(41) Daphne	1.21e+19 (+1.05e+19 / -1.05e+19)	87 % / 87 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	0.13	9
(41) Daphne	1.02e+19 (+1.19e+18 / -1.19e+18)	12 % / 12 %	Ephem	2011	M100	12	2.64	10
(41) Daphne	9.35e+18 (+1.39e+18 / -1.39e+18)	15 % / 15 %	OrbFitN	2014	M123	2	0.60	11
(41) Daphne	4.86e+18 (+8.15e+17 / -8.15e+17)	17 % / 17 %	Ephem	2019	M126		17.46	12
(41) Daphne	1.05e+19 (+1.58e+19 / -9.22e+18)	150 % / 88 %	Defl-MC	2020	M128	2	0.03	13

plot, average mass and derived density

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Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).
4: Values with asymmetric errors are currently just diplayed but disabled (unchecked) for the average calculation.

BinImg : Binary imaged at optical wavelength. Defl-MC : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC). Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').

EVM mass average M = (8.267 ± 2.837) × 10¹⁸ kg (ΔM/M = 34%, SNR = 2.9) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.54 ± 0.97) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 38%, SNR = 2.6)

References

M80	(2009):	Fienga, A., Laskar, J., Morley, T., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Budnik, F., Gastineau, M., Somenzi, L., 2009. INPOP08, a 4-D planetary ephemeris: from asteroid and time-scale computations to ESA Mars Express and Venus Express contributions. Astronomy and Astrophysics 507, 1675–1686.
M86	(2009):	Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M93	(2010):	Fienga, A., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., 2010. INPOP10a. Scientific Notes.
M97	(2011):	Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M100	(2011):	Fienga, A., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Manche, H., Gastineau, M., 2011. Asteroid mass determinations with INPOP planetary ephemerides. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 , 1879.
M103	(2011):	Konopliv, A.S., Asmar, S.W., Folkner, W.M., Karatekin, Ö., Nunes, D.C., Smrekar, S.E., Yoder, C.F., Zuber, M.T., 2011. Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical parameters. Icarus 211, 401–428.
M107	(2011):	Merline et al. (pers. com.). See: Carry, B., 2012. Density of asteroids. Planetary and Space Science, Volume 73, Issue 1, p. 98-118.
M123	(2014):	Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M126	(2019):	Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,
M128	(2020):	Siltala, L., Granvik, M., 2020. Asteroid mass estimation with the robust adaptive Metropolis algorithm. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 633, A46.

Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA)

Summary for : (41) Daphne

Diameter estimates

Mass estimates