Summary for : (283) Emma

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBAX-C | C-1.44 ± 1.65   (E)115 %137.8 ± 10.97.9 %1.97e+18 ± 2.22e+18113 %SEVM
MBAX-C | C-1.25 ± 5.07   (E)406 %128.3 ± 8.86.8 %1.38e+18 ± 5.60e+18405 %Sw.avg
MBAC1.12 ± 0.25   (C)22 %132.7 ± 10.17.6 %1.38e+18 ± 3.00e+162 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(283) Emma148.05 ± 4.593.1 % STM2004D93 5.00 1
(283) Emma141.00 ± 6.004.3 % NEATM2008D44 0.29 2
(283) Emma160.00 ± 10.006.3 % Img2008D4412 4.93 3
(283) Emma145.70 ± 5.894.0 % NEATM2010D64 1.80 4
(283) Emma122.06 ± 1.381.1 % STM2011D832 129.93 5
(283) Emma134.69 ± 2.341.7 % NEATM2011D72 1.76 6

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

Img : Apparent size in disk-resolved imaging. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (137.8 ± 10.87) km   (ΔD/D = 8%, SNR = 12.67) Derived bulk density ρ = (1.44 ± 1.65) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 115%, SNR = 0.9)


References
D44(2008):Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., Hestroffer, D., Vachier, F., Baek, M., Harris, A.W., Nesvorný, D., 2008b. Main belt binary asteroidal systems with eccentric mutual orbits. Icarus 195, 295–316.
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(283) Emma1.38e+18 ± 3.00e+162 %BinImg 2008M73382.01 1
(283) Emma1.00e+19 ± 5.16e+1852 %Deflec 2011M97122.42 2
(283) Emma8.38e+18 ± 3.68e+1844 %Deflec 2011M97123.04 3
(283) Emma8.31e+18 ± 3.65e+1844 %Deflec 2011M97123.02 4
(283) Emma1.63e+19 ± 6.03e+1837 %Deflec 2011M97125.65 5
(283) Emma1.60e+18 ± 7.57e+1747 %Ephem 2019M1260.24 6

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

BinImg : Binary imaged at optical wavelength. Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution.


EVM mass average M = (1.966 ± 2.217) × 1018 kg   (ΔM/M = 113%, SNR = 0.9) Derived bulk density ρ = (1.44 ± 1.65) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 115%, SNR = 0.9)


References
M73(2008):Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., Hestroffer, D., Vachier, F., Baek, M., Harris, A.W., Nesvorný, D., 2008. Main belt binary asteroidal systems with eccentric mutual orbits. Icarus 195, 295–316.
M97(2011):Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,