Summary for : (15) Eunomia

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBASS- | -K3.49 ± 0.65   (A)19 %255.0 ± 13.15.1 %3.03e+19 ± 3.14e+1810 %SEVM
MBASS- | -K3.66 ± 0.81   (C)22 %252.5 ± 17.06.7 %3.09e+19 ± 2.86e+189 %Sw.avg
MBAK3.54 ± 0.20   (B)6 %256.6 ± 1.00.4 %3.14e+19 ± 1.80e+186 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Object is a Gaia target for mass determination !

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(15) Eunomia255.33 ± 15.005.9 % STM2004D93 0.00 1
(15) Eunomia225.76 ± 6.843.0 % STM2010D642 18.22 2
(15) Eunomia286.49 ± 15.355.4 % NEATM2010D64 4.22 3
(15) Eunomia256.41 ± 3.081.2 % STM2011D83 0.22 4
(15) Eunomia259.00 ± 35.5013.7 % NEATM2011D72 0.01 5

plot, average diameter and derived density

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Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (255.0 ± 13.13) km   (ΔD/D = 5%, SNR = 19.42) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.49 ± 0.65) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 19%, SNR = 5.4)


References
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(15) Eunomia1.99e+19 (+7.96e+18 / -7.96e+18)40 % / 40 %Deflec 1999M1821.69 1
(15) Eunomia2.78e+19 (+3.98e+18 / -3.98e+18)14 % / 14 %Deflec 2001M280.38 2
(15) Eunomia2.51e+19 (+5.97e+18 / -5.97e+18)24 % / 24 %Deflec 2001M260.75 3
(15) Eunomia2.43e+19 (+3.18e+18 / -3.18e+18)13 % / 13 %Deflec 2002M31123.50 4
(15) Eunomia2.11e+19 (+3.18e+18 / -3.18e+18)15 % / 15 %Deflec 2004M42128.29 5
(15) Eunomia3.26e+19 (+1.19e+18 / -1.19e+18)4 % / 4 %Deflec 2006M513.89 6
(15) Eunomia3.12e+19 (+3.98e+17 / -3.98e+17)1 % / 1 %Deflec 2008M725.66 7
(15) Eunomia1.59e+19 (+5.97e+18 / -5.97e+18)38 % / 38 %Deflec 2008M78125.78 8
(15) Eunomia2.45e+19 (+2.45e+18 / -2.45e+18)10 % / 10 %Ephem 2009M86125.51 9
(15) Eunomia3.75e+19 (+3.22e+18 / -3.22e+18)9 % / 9 %Ephem 2010M93125.06 10
(15) Eunomia3.22e+19 (+9.94e+17 / -9.94e+17)3 % / 3 %Deflec 2010M883.83 11
(15) Eunomia3.18e+19 (+2.98e+17 / -2.98e+17)1 % / 1 %Deflec 2011M9526.93 12
(15) Eunomia2.82e+19 (+2.96e+18 / -2.96e+18)10 % / 10 %Ephem 2011M1030.48 13
(15) Eunomia3.21e+19 (+7.94e+17 / -7.94e+17)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2011M975.41 14
(15) Eunomia3.22e+19 (+7.88e+17 / -7.88e+17)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2011M976.10 15
(15) Eunomia3.22e+19 (+7.88e+17 / -7.88e+17)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2011M976.10 16
(15) Eunomia3.22e+19 (+8.10e+17 / -8.10e+17)3 % / 3 %Deflec 2011M975.78 17
(15) Eunomia2.70e+19 (+1.71e+18 / -1.71e+18)6 % / 6 %Ephem 2011M10023.62 18
(15) Eunomia2.90e+19 (+3.98e+17 / -3.98e+17)1 % / 1 %OrbFitN 2014M1239.45 19
(15) Eunomia3.10e+19 (+7.24e+17 / -7.24e+17)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2017M12521.12 20
(15) Eunomia2.94e+19 (+7.85e+17 / -7.85e+17)3 % / 3 %Deflec 2017M12521.10 21
(15) Eunomia3.06e+19 (+3.12e+18 / -3.12e+18)10 % / 10 %Deflec 2017M12520.01 22
(15) Eunomia2.96e+19 (+3.10e+18 / -3.10e+18)10 % / 10 %Deflec 2017M12520.04 23
(15) Eunomia3.22e+19 (+5.11e+18 / -5.11e+18)16 % / 16 %Deflec 2017M12520.15 24
(15) Eunomia5.13e+19 (+9.21e+18 / -9.21e+18)18 % / 18 %Deflec 2017M12525.22 25
(15) Eunomia2.80e+19 (+5.17e+18 / -5.17e+18)18 % / 18 %Deflec 2017M12520.18 26
(15) Eunomia5.59e+19 (+1.35e+19 / -1.35e+19)24 % / 24 %Deflec 2017M12523.60 27
(15) Eunomia3.54e+19 (+9.58e+18 / -9.58e+18)27 % / 27 %Deflec 2017M12520.29 28
(15) Eunomia2.31e+19 (+8.53e+18 / -8.53e+18)37 % / 37 %Deflec 2017M12520.71 29
(15) Eunomia3.04e+19 (+5.09e+17 / -5.09e+17)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2017M12530.11 30
(15) Eunomia2.21e+19 (+2.78e+18 / -3.90e+18)13 % / 18 %Defl-MC 2017M12725.96 31
(15) Eunomia2.64e+19 (+1.52e+18 / -1.52e+18)6 % / 6 %Ephem 2019M12626.26 32
(15) Eunomia2.78e+19 (+4.38e+18 / -3.98e+18)16 % / 14 %Defl-MC 2020M1280.34 33

plot, average mass and derived density

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Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).
4: Values with asymmetric errors are currently just diplayed but disabled (unchecked) for the average calculation.

Defl-MC : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC). Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').


EVM mass average M = (3.025 ± 0.314) × 1019 kg   (ΔM/M = 10%, SNR = 9.6) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.49 ± 0.65) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 19%, SNR = 5.4)


References
M18(1999):Vasiliev, M.V., Yagudina, E.I., 1999. Determination of masses for 26 selected minor planets from analysis of observations their mutual encounters with asteroids of lesser mass, in: Communications of IAA of RAS.
M26(2001):Michalak, G., 2001. Determination of asteroid masses. II. (6) Hebe, (10) Hygiea, (15) Eunomia, (52) Europa, (88) Thisbe, (444) Typtis, (511) Davida and (704) Interamnia. Astronomy and Astrophysics 374, 703–711.
M28(2001):Krasinsky, G.A., Pitjeva, E.V., Vasiliev, M.V., Yagudina, E.I., 2001. Estimating masses of asteroids, in: Communications of IAA of RAS.
M31(2002):Chernetenko, Y.A., Kochetova, O.M., 2002. Masses of some large minor planets, in: B. Warmbein (Ed.), Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002, pp. 437–440.
M42(2004):Kochetova, O.M., 2004. Determination of Large Asteroid Masses by the Dynamical Method. Solar System Research 38, 66–75.
M51(2006):Vitagliano, A., Stoss, R.M., 2006. New mass determination of (15) Eunomia based on a very close encounter with (50278) 2000CZ12. Astronomy and Astrophysics 455, L29–L31.
M72(2008):Baer, J., Milani, A., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2008. An Observational Error Model, and Application to Asteroid Mass Determination, in: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, p. 493.
M78(2008):Ivantsov, A., 2008. Asteroid mass determination at Nikolaev Observatory. Planetary and Space Science 56, 1857–1861.
M86(2009):Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M88(2010):Zielenbach, W., 2010. The Mass of (15) Eunomia from 923 Test Bodies. Astronomical Journal 139, 816–824.
M93(2010):Fienga, A., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., 2010. INPOP10a. Scientific Notes.
M95(2011):Baer, J., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2011. Astrometric Masses of 26 Asteroids and Observations on Asteroid Porosity. Astronomical Journal 141, 143–155.
M97(2011):Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M100(2011):Fienga, A., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Manche, H., Gastineau, M., 2011. Asteroid mass determinations with INPOP planetary ephemerides. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 , 1879.
M103(2011):Konopliv, A.S., Asmar, S.W., Folkner, W.M., Karatekin, Ö., Nunes, D.C., Smrekar, S.E., Yoder, C.F., Zuber, M.T., 2011. Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical parameters. Icarus 211, 401–428.
M123(2014):Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M125(2017):Baer, J., Chesley, S.R., 2017. Simultaneous Mass Determination for Gravitationally Coupled Asteroids. The Astronomical Journal, Volume 154, Issue 2, article id. 76, 11 pp.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,
M127(2017):Siltala, L., Granvik, M., 2017. Asteroid mass estimation using Markov-chain Monte Carlo. Icarus 297 (November 2017), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.06.028
M128(2020):Siltala, L., Granvik, M., 2020. Asteroid mass estimation with the robust adaptive Metropolis algorithm. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 633, A46.