Summary for : (854) Frostia

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBA--- | --3.42 ± 3.43   (E)100 %8.4 ± 1.315.0 %1.06e+15 ± 9.50e+1490 %SEVM
MBA--- | --3.97 ± 6.36   (E)160 %8.0 ± 3.544.3 %1.06e+15 ± 9.50e+1490 %Sw.avg
MBAV0.88 ± 0.13   (B)15 %8.4 ± 1.315.1 %1.06e+15 ± 9.50e+1490 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

(Indirect) density estimates

Density (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρMethodYearRefN
0.88 ± 0.1314.8 %PheMu2006BD8

PheMu : Mutual eclipsing phenomena in binary systems.
References
BD8(2006):Behrend, R., Bernasconi, L., Roy, R., et al., 2006. Four new binary minor planets: (854) Frostia, (1089) Tama, (1313) Berna, (4492) Debussy. Astronomy and Astrophysics 446, 1177-1184.

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(854) Frostia15.19 ± 6.1940.8 % PheMu2006D24 1.20 1
(854) Frostia9.48 ± 0.656.9 % STM2011D83 2.77 2
(854) Frostia7.84 ± 0.202.6 % NEATM2011D72 7.81 3

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. PheMu : Mutual eclipsing phenomena in binary systems. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (8.4 ± 1.26) km   (ΔD/D = 15%, SNR = 6.68) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.42 ± 3.43) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 100%, SNR = 1.0)


References
D24(2006):Behrend, R., Bernasconi, L., Roy, R., Klotz, A., Colas, F., Antonini, P., Aoun, R., Augustesen, K., Barbotin, E., Berger, N., Berrouachdi, H., Brochard, E., Cazenave, A., Cavadore, C., Coloma, J., Cotrez, V., Deconihout, S., Demeautis, C., Dorseuil, J., Dubos, G., Durkee, R., Frappa, E., Hormuth, F., Itkonen, T., Jacques, C., Kurtze, L., Laffont, A., Lavayssière, M., Lecacheux, J., Leroy, A., Manzini, F., Masi, G., Matter, D., Michelsen, R., Nomen, J., Oksanen, A., Pääkkönen, P., Peyrot, A., Pimentel, E., Pray, D.P., Rinner, C., Sanchez, S., Sonnenberg, K., Sposetti, S., Starkey, D., Stoss, R., Teng, J.P., Vignand, M., Waelchli, N., 2006. Four new binary minor planets: (854) Frostia, (1089) Tama, (1313) Berna, (4492) Debussy. Astronomy and Astrophysics 446, 1177–1184.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(854) Frostia1.06e+15 ± 9.50e+1490 %PheMu 2006M500.00 1

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

PheMu : Mutual eclipsing phenomena in binary systems.


EVM mass average M = (1.060 ± 0.950) × 1015 kg   (ΔM/M = 90%, SNR = 1.1) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.42 ± 3.43) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 100%, SNR = 1.0)


References
M50(2006):Behrend, R., Bernasconi, L., Roy, R., Klotz, A., Colas, F., Antonini, P., Aoun, R., Augustesen, K., Barbotin, E., Berger, N., Berrouachdi, H., Brochard, E., Cazenave, A., Cavadore, C., Coloma, J., Cotrez, V., Deconihout, S., Demeautis, C., Dorseuil, J., Dubos, G., Durkee, R., Frappa, E., Hormuth, F., Itkonen, T., Jacques, C., Kurtze, L., Laffont, A., Lavayssière, M., Lecacheux, J., Leroy, A., Manzini, F., Masi, G., Matter, D., Michelsen, R., Nomen, J., Oksanen, A., Pääkkönen, P., Peyrot, A., Pimentel, E., Pray, D.P., Rinner, C., Sanchez, S., Sonnenberg, K., Sposetti, S., Starkey, D., Stoss, R., Teng, J.P., Vignand, M., Waelchli, N., 2006. Four new binary minor planets: (854) Frostia, (1089) Tama, (1313) Berna, (4492) Debussy. Astronomy and Astrophysics 446, 1177–1184.