Summary for : (10) Hygiea

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBACC- | -C2.28 ± 0.56   (C)25 %418.2 ± 27.86.7 %8.73e+19 ± 1.25e+1914 %SEVM
MBACC- | -C2.30 ± 0.44   (A)19 %409.2 ± 16.54.0 %8.25e+19 ± 1.23e+1915 %Sw.avg
MBAC2.19 ± 0.42   (A)19 %421.6 ± 25.76.1 %8.63e+19 ± 5.20e+186 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Object is a Gaia target for mass determination !

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(10) Hygiea407.11 ± 6.801.7 % STM2004D93 2.66 1
(10) Hygiea357.27 ± 8.592.4 % STM2010D642 50.33 2
(10) Hygiea447.29 ± 18.534.1 % NEATM2010D64 2.46 3
(10) Hygiea351.00 ± 27.007.7 % MDM:LO2011D782 6.20 4
(10) Hygiea443.00 ± 45.0010.2 % MDM:LO2011D78 0.30 5
(10) Hygiea428.45 ± 6.571.5 % STM2011D83 2.43 6
(10) Hygiea453.23 ± 19.234.2 % NEATM2011D72 3.32 7
(10) Hygiea412.00 ± 20.004.9 % ADAM2017D100 0.10 8
(10) Hygiea410.00 ± 20.004.9 % ADAM2017D100 0.17 9
(10) Hygiea434.00 ± 14.003.2 % Img2020D111 1.27 10

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

ADAM : All-Data Asteroid Modeling. Img : Apparent size in disk-resolved imaging. MDM:LO : Multi-Data Modeling: Lightcurves + Occultations. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (418.2 ± 27.84) km   (ΔD/D = 7%, SNR = 15.02) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.28 ± 0.56) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 25%, SNR = 4.1)


References
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D78(2011):Ďurech, J., Kaasalainen, M., Herald, D., Dunham, D., Timerson, B., Hanuš, J., Frappa, E., Talbot, J., Hayamizu, T., Warner, B.D., Pilcher, F., Galád, A., 2011. Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes. Icarus 214, 652–670.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D100(2017):Hanuš, J., Viikinkoski, M., Marchis, F., et al., 2017. Volumes and bulk densities of forty asteroids from ADAM shape modeling. Astronomy and Astrophysics 601, A114 (2017). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629956
D111(2020):Vernazza, P., Jorda, L., Ševeček, P., et al. A basin-free spherical shape as an outcome of a giant impact on asteroid Hygiea. Nat Astron 4, 136–141 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0915-8

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(10) Hygiea9.35e+19 (+4.57e+19 / -4.57e+19)49 % / 49 %Deflec 1987M11420.02 1
(10) Hygiea1.55e+20 (+4.97e+19 / -4.97e+19)32 % / 32 %Deflec 1999M18121.85 2
(10) Hygiea5.57e+19 (+1.99e+18 / -1.99e+18)4 % / 4 %Deflec 2001M2812252.53 3
(10) Hygiea1.11e+20 (+1.39e+19 / -1.39e+19)13 % / 13 %Deflec 2001M2612.90 4
(10) Hygiea9.96e+19 (+8.15e+18 / -8.15e+18)8 % / 8 %Deflec 2002M3112.27 5
(10) Hygiea9.97e+19 (+8.16e+18 / -8.16e+18)8 % / 8 %Deflec 2004M422.30 6
(10) Hygiea9.03e+19 (+2.59e+18 / -2.59e+18)3 % / 3 %Deflec 2005M451.32 7
(10) Hygiea4.18e+19 (+5.97e+18 / -5.97e+18)14 % / 14 %Ephem 2007M621258.15 8
(10) Hygiea8.85e+19 (+1.39e+18 / -1.39e+18)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2008M72120.72 9
(10) Hygiea4.97e+19 (+7.96e+18 / -7.96e+18)16 % / 16 %Deflec 2008M781222.34 10
(10) Hygiea8.04e+19 (+8.04e+18 / -8.04e+18)10 % / 10 %Ephem 2009M860.74 11
(10) Hygiea8.67e+19 (+1.47e+18 / -1.47e+18)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2011M950.18 12
(10) Hygiea8.94e+19 (+1.54e+19 / -1.54e+19)17 % / 17 %Ephem 2011M1030.02 13
(10) Hygiea7.73e+19 (+3.88e+18 / -3.88e+18)5 % / 5 %Deflec 2011M976.67 14
(10) Hygiea8.30e+19 (+2.94e+18 / -2.94e+18)4 % / 4 %Deflec 2011M972.16 15
(10) Hygiea8.21e+19 (+2.92e+18 / -2.92e+18)4 % / 4 %Deflec 2011M973.20 16
(10) Hygiea8.07e+19 (+4.19e+18 / -4.19e+18)5 % / 5 %Deflec 2011M972.50 17
(10) Hygiea8.65e+19 (+5.57e+18 / -5.57e+18)6 % / 6 %Ephem 2011M1000.02 18
(10) Hygiea8.15e+19 (+7.95e+17 / -7.95e+17)1 % / 1 %OrbFitN 2014M12353.10 19
(10) Hygiea8.09e+19 (+2.82e+18 / -2.82e+18)3 % / 3 %Deflec 2017M12525.14 20
(10) Hygiea7.89e+19 (+3.22e+18 / -3.22e+18)4 % / 4 %Deflec 2017M12526.78 21
(10) Hygiea1.01e+20 (+5.11e+18 / -5.11e+18)5 % / 5 %Deflec 2017M12527.37 22
(10) Hygiea8.29e+19 (+4.95e+18 / -4.95e+18)6 % / 6 %Deflec 2017M12520.79 23
(10) Hygiea1.03e+20 (+7.00e+18 / -7.00e+18)7 % / 7 %Deflec 2017M12524.76 24
(10) Hygiea8.01e+19 (+6.08e+18 / -6.08e+18)8 % / 8 %Deflec 2017M12521.40 25
(10) Hygiea9.05e+19 (+7.60e+18 / -7.60e+18)8 % / 8 %Deflec 2017M12520.17 26
(10) Hygiea7.70e+19 (+6.72e+18 / -6.72e+18)9 % / 9 %Deflec 2017M12522.38 27
(10) Hygiea1.13e+20 (+9.92e+18 / -9.92e+18)9 % / 9 %Deflec 2017M12526.54 28
(10) Hygiea2.03e+20 (+1.95e+19 / -1.95e+19)10 % / 10 %Deflec 2017M125235.07 29
(10) Hygiea9.13e+19 (+9.11e+18 / -9.11e+18)10 % / 10 %Deflec 2017M12520.19 30
(10) Hygiea8.35e+19 (+9.21e+18 / -9.21e+18)11 % / 11 %Deflec 2017M12520.17 31
(10) Hygiea8.55e+19 (+9.52e+18 / -9.52e+18)11 % / 11 %Deflec 2017M12520.04 32
(10) Hygiea1.04e+20 (+1.19e+19 / -1.19e+19)11 % / 11 %Deflec 2017M12521.87 33
(10) Hygiea9.11e+19 (+1.09e+19 / -1.09e+19)12 % / 12 %Deflec 2017M12520.12 34
(10) Hygiea9.50e+19 (+1.16e+19 / -1.16e+19)12 % / 12 %Deflec 2017M12520.44 35
(10) Hygiea1.12e+20 (+1.43e+19 / -1.43e+19)13 % / 13 %Deflec 2017M12523.00 36
(10) Hygiea8.67e+19 (+1.19e+19 / -1.19e+19)14 % / 14 %Deflec 2017M12520.00 37
(10) Hygiea1.09e+20 (+1.55e+19 / -1.55e+19)14 % / 14 %Deflec 2017M12522.03 38
(10) Hygiea7.85e+19 (+1.17e+19 / -1.17e+19)15 % / 15 %Deflec 2017M12520.56 39
(10) Hygiea8.37e+19 (+1.27e+19 / -1.27e+19)15 % / 15 %Deflec 2017M12520.08 40
(10) Hygiea1.03e+20 (+1.61e+19 / -1.61e+19)16 % / 16 %Deflec 2017M12520.97 41
(10) Hygiea8.61e+19 (+1.35e+19 / -1.35e+19)16 % / 16 %Deflec 2017M12520.01 42
(10) Hygiea1.78e+20 (+2.90e+19 / -2.90e+19)16 % / 16 %Deflec 2017M12529.73 43
(10) Hygiea1.36e+20 (+2.39e+19 / -2.39e+19)18 % / 18 %Deflec 2017M12524.08 44
(10) Hygiea7.00e+19 (+1.29e+19 / -1.29e+19)18 % / 18 %Deflec 2017M12521.81 45
(10) Hygiea1.34e+20 (+2.53e+19 / -2.53e+19)19 % / 19 %Deflec 2017M12523.37 46
(10) Hygiea6.48e+19 (+1.23e+19 / -1.23e+19)19 % / 19 %Deflec 2017M12523.35 47
(10) Hygiea1.00e+20 (+1.90e+19 / -1.90e+19)19 % / 19 %Deflec 2017M12520.45 48
(10) Hygiea1.00e+20 (+1.95e+19 / -1.95e+19)20 % / 20 %Deflec 2017M12520.42 49
(10) Hygiea1.90e+20 (+3.78e+19 / -3.78e+19)20 % / 20 %Deflec 2017M12527.34 50
(10) Hygiea1.27e+20 (+2.68e+19 / -2.68e+19)21 % / 21 %Deflec 2017M12522.23 51
(10) Hygiea1.36e+20 (+3.24e+19 / -3.24e+19)24 % / 24 %Deflec 2017M12522.24 52
(10) Hygiea8.71e+19 (+1.38e+18 / -1.38e+18)2 % / 2 %Deflec 2017M12530.03 53
(10) Hygiea4.93e+19 (+5.77e+18 / -5.38e+18)12 % / 11 %Defl-MC 2017M127246.52 54
(10) Hygiea8.03e+19 (+3.02e+18 / -3.02e+18)4 % / 4 %Ephem 2019M1265.36 55
(10) Hygiea1.08e+20 (+3.28e+19 / -3.46e+19)30 % / 32 %Defl-MC 2020M12820.38 56

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).
4: Values with asymmetric errors are currently just diplayed but disabled (unchecked) for the average calculation.

Defl-MC : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC). Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').


EVM mass average M = (8.732 ± 1.250) × 1019 kg   (ΔM/M = 14%, SNR = 7.0) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.28 ± 0.56) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 25%, SNR = 4.1)


References
M18(1999):Vasiliev, M.V., Yagudina, E.I., 1999. Determination of masses for 26 selected minor planets from analysis of observations their mutual encounters with asteroids of lesser mass, in: Communications of IAA of RAS.
M26(2001):Michalak, G., 2001. Determination of asteroid masses. II. (6) Hebe, (10) Hygiea, (15) Eunomia, (52) Europa, (88) Thisbe, (444) Typtis, (511) Davida and (704) Interamnia. Astronomy and Astrophysics 374, 703–711.
M28(2001):Krasinsky, G.A., Pitjeva, E.V., Vasiliev, M.V., Yagudina, E.I., 2001. Estimating masses of asteroids, in: Communications of IAA of RAS.
M31(2002):Chernetenko, Y.A., Kochetova, O.M., 2002. Masses of some large minor planets, in: B. Warmbein (Ed.), Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002, pp. 437–440.
M42(2004):Kochetova, O.M., 2004. Determination of Large Asteroid Masses by the Dynamical Method. Solar System Research 38, 66–75.
M45(2005):Chesley, S.R., Owen, Jr., W.M., Hayne, E.W., Sullivan, A.M., Dumas, R.C., Giorgini, J.D., Chamberlin, A.B., Synnott, S.P., Vazquez, C.S., 2005. The Mass of Asteroid 10 Hygiea, in: AAS/Division of Dynamical Astronomy Meeting
M62(2007):Aslan, Z., Gumerov, R., Hudkova, L., Ivantsov, A., Khamitov, I., Pinigin, G., 2007. Mass Determination of Small Solar System Bodies with Ground-based Observations, in: O. Demircan, S. O. Selam, & B. Albayrak (Ed.), Solar and Stellar Physics Through Eclipses, pp. 52–58.
M72(2008):Baer, J., Milani, A., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2008. An Observational Error Model, and Application to Asteroid Mass Determination, in: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, p. 493.
M78(2008):Ivantsov, A., 2008. Asteroid mass determination at Nikolaev Observatory. Planetary and Space Science 56, 1857–1861.
M86(2009):Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M95(2011):Baer, J., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2011. Astrometric Masses of 26 Asteroids and Observations on Asteroid Porosity. Astronomical Journal 141, 143–155.
M97(2011):Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M100(2011):Fienga, A., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Manche, H., Gastineau, M., 2011. Asteroid mass determinations with INPOP planetary ephemerides. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 , 1879.
M103(2011):Konopliv, A.S., Asmar, S.W., Folkner, W.M., Karatekin, Ö., Nunes, D.C., Smrekar, S.E., Yoder, C.F., Zuber, M.T., 2011. Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical parameters. Icarus 211, 401–428.
M114(1987):Scholl, H., Schmadel, L. D., Roser, S., 1987. The Mass of the Asteroid (10) Hygiea Derived from Observations of (829) Academia. Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 179, no. 1-2, June 1987, p. 311-316.
M123(2014):Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M125(2017):Baer, J., Chesley, S.R., 2017. Simultaneous Mass Determination for Gravitationally Coupled Asteroids. The Astronomical Journal, Volume 154, Issue 2, article id. 76, 11 pp.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,
M127(2017):Siltala, L., Granvik, M., 2017. Asteroid mass estimation using Markov-chain Monte Carlo. Icarus 297 (November 2017), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.06.028
M128(2020):Siltala, L., Granvik, M., 2020. Asteroid mass estimation with the robust adaptive Metropolis algorithm. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 633, A46.