SiMDA»Main

Summary for : (3) Juno

Dyn	T.T	T.B	T T.L B	T.D	Density (g/cm^3)	Δρ/ρ	Diameter (km)	ΔD/D	Mass (kg)	ΔM/M	Ref	Avg.M
MBA	S	Sk	S \| Sk	Sq	3.62 ± 0.73 (C)	20 %	244.4 ± 9.8	4.0 %	2.77e+19 ± 4.48e+18	16 %	S	EVM
MBA	S	Sk	S \| Sk	Sq	3.89 ± 0.66 (A)	17 %	237.0 ± 8.2	3.4 %	2.71e+19 ± 3.61e+18	13 %	S	w.avg
MBA	Sq				3.68 ± 0.62 (A)	17 %	241.8 ± 10.6	4.4 %	2.73e+19 ± 2.90e+18	11 %	C	?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Object is a Gaia target for mass determination !

Additional resources:

3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

Designation	Diameter / Err (km)	ΔD/D	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(3) Juno	233.91 ± 11.19	4.8 %	STM	2004	D93	2	0.87	1
(3) Juno	250.30 ± 5.30	2.1 %	Img-TE	2008	D48		1.25	2
(3) Juno	248.48 ± 6.84	2.8 %	STM	2010	D64		0.36	3
(3) Juno	262.01 ± 12.05	4.6 %	NEATM	2010	D64		2.14	4
(3) Juno	252.00 ± 29.00	11.5 %	MDM:LO	2011	D78		0.07	5
(3) Juno	231.08 ± 2.59	1.1 %	STM	2011	D83	2	26.36	6

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

Img-TE : Triaxial ellipsoid model from images. MDM:LO : Multi-Data Modeling: Lightcurves + Occultations. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.

EVM diam. average D = (244.4 ± 9.83) km (ΔD/D = 4%, SNR = 24.87) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.62 ± 0.73) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 20%, SNR = 5.0)

References

D48	(2008):	Drummond, J.D., Christou, J.C., 2008. Triaxial ellipsoid dimensions and rotational poles of seven asteroids from Lick Observatory adaptive optics images, and of Ceres. Icarus 197, 480–496.
D64	(2010):	Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D78	(2011):	Ďurech, J., Kaasalainen, M., Herald, D., Dunham, D., Timerson, B., Hanuš, J., Frappa, E., Talbot, J., Hayamizu, T., Warner, B.D., Pilcher, F., Galád, A., 2011. Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes. Icarus 214, 652–670.
D83	(2011):	Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93	(2004):	Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.

Mass estimates

Designation	Mass / Err (kg)	ΔM/M	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(3) Juno	4.16e+19 ± 6.96e+18	17 %	Deflec	2002	M31	12	4.00	1
(3) Juno	4.16e+19 ± 6.96e+18	17 %	Deflec	2004	M42	12	4.00	2
(3) Juno	2.82e+19 ± 1.19e+18	4 %	Deflec	2004	M39		0.19	3
(3) Juno	3.00e+19 ± 5.97e+17	2 %	Deflec	2005	M49	2	15.09	4
(3) Juno	2.96e+19 ± 2.98e+18	10 %	Deflec	2006	M56		0.41	5
(3) Juno	2.67e+19 ± 4.57e+18	17 %	Deflec	2008	M72		0.05	6
(3) Juno	2.30e+19 ± 2.30e+18	10 %	Ephem	2009	M86		4.14	7
(3) Juno	2.31e+19 ± 2.61e+18	11 %	Ephem	2010	M93		3.08	8
(3) Juno	1.38e+19 ± 7.92e+18	57 %	Deflec	2010	M92	12	3.07	9
(3) Juno	2.86e+19 ± 4.57e+18	16 %	Deflec	2011	M95		0.04	10
(3) Juno	2.41e+19 ± 1.81e+18	8 %	Ephem	2011	M103		3.91	11
(3) Juno	2.68e+19 ± 3.98e+18	15 %	Deflec	2011	M97		0.05	12
(3) Juno	3.04e+19 ± 3.30e+18	11 %	Deflec	2011	M97		0.68	13
(3) Juno	3.10e+19 ± 3.24e+18	10 %	Deflec	2011	M97		1.05	14
(3) Juno	1.70e+19 ± 5.17e+18	30 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	4.27	15
(3) Juno	2.35e+19 ± 1.19e+18	5 %	Ephem	2011	M100		12.35	16
(3) Juno	2.50e+19 ± 7.95e+17	3 %	OrbFitN	2014	M123		10.95	17
(3) Juno	3.60e+19 ± 2.57e+18	7 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	10.45	18
(3) Juno	4.95e+19 ± 8.89e+18	18 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	6.03	19
(3) Juno	2.92e+19 ± 6.12e+18	21 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	0.06	20
(3) Juno	3.08e+19 ± 7.02e+18	23 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	0.20	21
(3) Juno	4.79e+19 ± 1.54e+19	32 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	1.73	22
(3) Juno	2.50e+19 ± 8.13e+18	32 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	0.10	23
(3) Juno	3.30e+19 ± 1.12e+19	34 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	0.23	24
(3) Juno	9.23e+18 ± 3.36e+18	36 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	30.17	25
(3) Juno	3.02e+19 ± 1.30e+19	43 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	0.04	26
(3) Juno	2.80e+19 ± 1.73e+18	6 %	Deflec	2017	M125	3	0.04	27
(3) Juno	2.56e+19 ± 8.52e+17	3 %	Ephem	2019	M126		6.08	28

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').

EVM mass average M = (2.768 ± 0.448) × 10¹⁹ kg (ΔM/M = 16%, SNR = 6.2) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.62 ± 0.73) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 20%, SNR = 5.0)

References

M31	(2002):	Chernetenko, Y.A., Kochetova, O.M., 2002. Masses of some large minor planets, in: B. Warmbein (Ed.), Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002, pp. 437–440.
M39	(2004):	Pitjeva, E.V., 2004. Estimations of masses of the largest asteroids and the main asteroid belt from ranging to planets, Mars orbiters and landers, in: J.-P. Paillé (Ed.), 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 2014.
M42	(2004):	Kochetova, O.M., 2004. Determination of Large Asteroid Masses by the Dynamical Method. Solar System Research 38, 66–75.
M49	(2005):	Pitjeva, E.V., 2005. High-Precision Ephemerides of Planets - EPM and Determination of Some Astronomical Constants. Solar System Research 39, 176–186.
M56	(2006):	Konopliv, A.S., Yoder, C.F., Standish, E.M., Yuan, D.N., Sjogren, W.L., 2006. A global solution for the Mars static and seasonal gravity, Mars orientation, Phobos and Deimos masses, and Mars ephemeris. Icarus 182, 23–50.
M72	(2008):	Baer, J., Milani, A., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2008. An Observational Error Model, and Application to Asteroid Mass Determination, in: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, p. 493.
M86	(2009):	Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M92	(2010):	Somenzi, L., Fienga, A., Laskar, J., Kuchynka, P., 2010. Determination of asteroid masses from their close encounters with Mars. Planetary and Space Science 58, 858–863.
M93	(2010):	Fienga, A., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., 2010. INPOP10a. Scientific Notes.
M95	(2011):	Baer, J., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2011. Astrometric Masses of 26 Asteroids and Observations on Asteroid Porosity. Astronomical Journal 141, 143–155.
M97	(2011):	Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M100	(2011):	Fienga, A., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Manche, H., Gastineau, M., 2011. Asteroid mass determinations with INPOP planetary ephemerides. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 , 1879.
M103	(2011):	Konopliv, A.S., Asmar, S.W., Folkner, W.M., Karatekin, Ö., Nunes, D.C., Smrekar, S.E., Yoder, C.F., Zuber, M.T., 2011. Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and other dynamical parameters. Icarus 211, 401–428.
M123	(2014):	Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M125	(2017):	Baer, J., Chesley, S.R., 2017. Simultaneous Mass Determination for Gravitationally Coupled Asteroids. The Astronomical Journal, Volume 154, Issue 2, article id. 76, 11 pp.
M126	(2019):	Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,

Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA)

Summary for : (3) Juno

Diameter estimates

Mass estimates