SiMDA»Main

Summary for : (22) Kalliope

Dyn	T.T	T.B	T T.L B	T.D	Density (g/cm^3)	Δρ/ρ	Diameter (km)	ΔD/D	Mass (kg)	ΔM/M	Ref	Avg.M
MBA	M	X	- \| -	X	3.54 ± 1.32 (C)	37 %	165.3 ± 13.4	8.1 %	8.37e+18 ± 2.37e+18	28 %	S	EVM
MBA	M	X	- \| -	X	3.85 ± 1.56 (C)	40 %	157.8 ± 7.5	4.7 %	7.92e+18 ± 3.01e+18	38 %	S	w.avg
MBA	X				3.08 ± 0.58 (B)	19 %	170.2 ± 10.5	6.1 %	7.96e+18 ± 3.10e+17	4 %	C	?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:

3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

Designation	Diameter / Err (km)	ΔD/D	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(22) Kalliope	181.00 ± 4.59	2.5 %	STM	2004	D93		11.69	1
(22) Kalliope	166.19 ± 2.79	1.7 %	PheMu	2008	D46		0.10	2
(22) Kalliope	177.00 ± 4.00	2.3 %	NEATM	2008	D47		8.54	3
(22) Kalliope	162.67 ± 5.00	3.1 %	STM	2010	D64		0.28	4
(22) Kalliope	183.11 ± 7.85	4.3 %	NEATM	2010	D64		5.14	5
(22) Kalliope	143.00 ± 10.00	7.0 %	MDM:LO	2011	D78	2	4.98	6
(22) Kalliope	139.77 ± 2.14	1.5 %	STM	2011	D83	12	142.42	7
(22) Kalliope	167.00 ± 15.30	9.2 %	NEATM	2011	D72		0.01	8
(22) Kalliope	161.00 ± 6.00	3.7 %	ADAM	2017	D100		0.52	9

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

ADAM : All-Data Asteroid Modeling. MDM:LO : Multi-Data Modeling: Lightcurves + Occultations. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. PheMu : Mutual eclipsing phenomena in binary systems. STM : Standard Thermal Model.

EVM diam. average D = (165.3 ± 13.37) km (ΔD/D = 8%, SNR = 12.36) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.54 ± 1.32) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 37%, SNR = 2.7)

References

D46	(2008):	Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Pollock, J., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., Birlan, M., Kaasalainen, M., Harris, A.W., Wong, M.H., Romanishin, W.J., Cooper, E.M., Kettner, K.A., Wiggins, P., Kryszczynska, A., Polinska, M., Coliac, J.F., Devyatkin, A., Verestchagina, I., Gorshanov, D., 2008. New determination of the size and bulk density of the binary Asteroid 22 Kalliope from observations of mutual eclipses. Icarus 196, 578–600.
D47	(2008):	Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Baek, M., Harris, A.W., Kaasalainen, M., Berthier, J., Hestroffer, D., Vachier, F., 2008. Main belt binary asteroidal systems with circular mutual orbits. Icarus 196, 97–118.
D64	(2010):	Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72	(2011):	Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D78	(2011):	Ďurech, J., Kaasalainen, M., Herald, D., Dunham, D., Timerson, B., Hanuš, J., Frappa, E., Talbot, J., Hayamizu, T., Warner, B.D., Pilcher, F., Galád, A., 2011. Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes. Icarus 214, 652–670.
D83	(2011):	Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93	(2004):	Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D100	(2017):	Hanuš, J., Viikinkoski, M., Marchis, F., et al., 2017. Volumes and bulk densities of forty asteroids from ADAM shape modeling. Astronomy and Astrophysics 601, A114 (2017). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629956

Mass estimates

Designation	Mass / Err (kg)	ΔM/M	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(22) Kalliope	7.36e+18 ± 4.42e+17	6 %	BinImg	2003	M37		5.22	1
(22) Kalliope	1.69e+19 ± 5.57e+18	33 %	Deflec	2004	M42	12	2.35	2
(22) Kalliope	8.15e+18 ± 2.59e+17	3 %	BinImg	2008	M74		0.72	3
(22) Kalliope	8.09e+18 ± 1.99e+17	2 %	BinImg	2008	M75		1.98	4
(22) Kalliope	7.36e+18 ± 7.36e+17	10 %	Ephem	2009	M86	1	1.88	5
(22) Kalliope	1.33e+19 ± 5.18e+18	39 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	0.91	6
(22) Kalliope	1.31e+19 ± 3.76e+18	29 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	1.58	7
(22) Kalliope	1.31e+19 ± 3.84e+18	29 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	1.52	8
(22) Kalliope	2.09e+19 ± 7.06e+18	34 %	Deflec	2011	M97	12	3.15	9
(22) Kalliope	4.77e+18 ± 7.95e+17	17 %	OrbFitN	2014	M123	2	20.48	10
(22) Kalliope	7.01e+18 ± 2.17e+18	31 %	Ephem	2019	M126		0.39	11

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

BinImg : Binary imaged at optical wavelength. Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').

EVM mass average M = (8.370 ± 2.370) × 10¹⁸ kg (ΔM/M = 28%, SNR = 3.5) Derived bulk density ρ = (3.54 ± 1.32) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 37%, SNR = 2.7)

References

M37	(2003):	Margot, J.L., Brown, M.E., 2003. A Low-Density M-type Asteroid in the Main Belt. Science 300, 1939–1942.
M42	(2004):	Kochetova, O.M., 2004. Determination of Large Asteroid Masses by the Dynamical Method. Solar System Research 38, 66–75.
M74	(2008):	Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Pollock, J., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., Birlan, M., Kaasalainen, M., Harris, A.W., Wong, M.H., Romanishin, W.J., Cooper, E.M., Kettner, K.A., Wiggins, P., Kryszczynska, A., Polinska, M., Coliac, J.F., Devyatkin, A., Verestchagina, I., Gorshanov, D., 2008. New determination of the size and bulk density of the binary Asteroid 22 Kalliope from observations of mutual eclipses. Icarus 196, 578–600.
M75	(2008):	Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Baek, M., Harris, A.W., Kaasalainen, M., Berthier, J., Hestroffer, D., Vachier, F., 2008a. Main belt binary asteroidal systems with circular mutual orbits. Icarus 196, 97–118.
M86	(2009):	Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M97	(2011):	Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M123	(2014):	Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M126	(2019):	Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,

Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA)

Summary for : (22) Kalliope

Diameter estimates

Mass estimates