Summary for : (216) Kleopatra

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBAMXe- | -Xe4.89 ± 1.84   (C)38 %127.4 ± 8.16.4 %5.29e+18 ± 1.71e+1832 %SEVM
MBAMXe- | -Xe5.04 ± 1.55   (C)31 %126.1 ± 6.45.1 %5.29e+18 ± 1.42e+1827 %Sw.avg
MBAXe4.27 ± 0.86   (C)20 %127.5 ± 8.46.6 %4.64e+18 ± 2.00e+174 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(216) Kleopatra108.50 ± 15.0013.8 % Radar2000D42 1.58 1
(216) Kleopatra135.07 ± 2.091.5 % STM2004D93 13.61 2
(216) Kleopatra119.56 ± 3.212.7 % STM2010D64 5.90 3
(216) Kleopatra140.74 ± 7.785.5 % NEATM2010D64 2.96 4
(216) Kleopatra135.00 ± 4.803.6 % Img2011D77 2.53 5
(216) Kleopatra121.55 ± 1.601.3 % STM2011D832 13.18 6
(216) Kleopatra138.00 ± 19.3714.0 % NEATM2011D72 0.30 7
(216) Kleopatra121.00 ± 5.004.1 % ADAM2017D100 1.62 8

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

ADAM : All-Data Asteroid Modeling. Img : Apparent size in disk-resolved imaging. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. Radar : Radar imaging. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (127.4 ± 8.14) km   (ΔD/D = 6%, SNR = 15.64) Derived bulk density ρ = (4.89 ± 1.84) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 38%, SNR = 2.7)


References
D4(2000):Ostro, S.J., Hudson, R.S., Nolan, M.C., Margot, J.L., Scheeres, D.J., Campbell, D.B., Magri, C., Giorgini, J.D., Yeomans, D.K., 2000. Radar Observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra. Science 288, 836–839.
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D77(2011):Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Berthier, J., Emery, J.P., Duchêne, G., de Pater, I., Wong, M.H., Lim, L., Hammel, H.B., Vachier, F., Wiggins, P., Teng-Chuen-Yu, J.P., Peyrot, A., Pollock, J., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J.I.B., Braga-Ribas, F., Macomber, B., 2011. Triplicity and physical characteristics of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra. Icarus 211, 1022–1033.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D100(2017):Hanuš, J., Viikinkoski, M., Marchis, F., et al., 2017. Volumes and bulk densities of forty asteroids from ADAM shape modeling. Astronomy and Astrophysics 601, A114 (2017). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629956

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(216) Kleopatra7.02e+18 (+2.39e+17 / -2.39e+17)3 % / 3 %Ephem 2009M801252.23 1
(216) Kleopatra4.48e+18 (+4.48e+17 / -4.48e+17)10 % / 10 %Ephem 2009M86123.29 2
(216) Kleopatra1.12e+18 (+9.15e+17 / -9.15e+17)82 % / 82 %Ephem 2010M931220.80 3
(216) Kleopatra4.64e+18 (+2.00e+17 / -2.00e+17)4 % / 4 %BinImg 2011M10210.65 4
(216) Kleopatra7.31e+18 (+2.45e+18 / -2.45e+18)34 % / 34 %Deflec 2011M97120.68 5
(216) Kleopatra7.12e+18 (+3.95e+18 / -3.95e+18)55 % / 55 %Deflec 2011M97120.21 6
(216) Kleopatra7.64e+18 (+2.26e+18 / -2.26e+18)30 % / 30 %Deflec 2011M97121.08 7
(216) Kleopatra7.97e+18 (+2.54e+18 / -2.54e+18)32 % / 32 %Deflec 2011M97121.11 8
(216) Kleopatra5.69e+18 (+1.77e+18 / -1.77e+18)31 % / 31 %Ephem 2011M100120.05 9
(216) Kleopatra5.17e+18 (+7.95e+17 / -7.95e+17)15 % / 15 %OrbFitN 2014M12320.02 10
(216) Kleopatra4.62e+18 (+1.17e+18 / -1.17e+18)25 % / 25 %Ephem 2019M12620.33 11
(216) Kleopatra5.63e+17 (+1.28e+18 / -5.39e+17)227 % / 96 %Defl-MC 2020M128227.04 12

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).
4: Values with asymmetric errors are currently just diplayed but disabled (unchecked) for the average calculation.

BinImg : Binary imaged at optical wavelength. Defl-MC : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC). Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').


EVM mass average M = (5.293 ± 1.707) × 1018 kg   (ΔM/M = 32%, SNR = 3.1) Derived bulk density ρ = (4.89 ± 1.84) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 38%, SNR = 2.7)


References
M80(2009):Fienga, A., Laskar, J., Morley, T., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Budnik, F., Gastineau, M., Somenzi, L., 2009. INPOP08, a 4-D planetary ephemeris: from asteroid and time-scale computations to ESA Mars Express and Venus Express contributions. Astronomy and Astrophysics 507, 1675–1686.
M86(2009):Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M93(2010):Fienga, A., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., 2010. INPOP10a. Scientific Notes.
M97(2011):Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M100(2011):Fienga, A., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Manche, H., Gastineau, M., 2011. Asteroid mass determinations with INPOP planetary ephemerides. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 , 1879.
M102(2011):Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Berthier, J., Emery, J.P., Duchêne, G., de Pater, I., Wong, M.H., Lim, L., Hammel, H.B., Vachier, F., Wiggins, P., Teng-Chuen-Yu, J.P., Peyrot, A., Pollock, J., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J.I.B., Braga-Ribas, F., Macomber, B., 2011. Triplicity and physical characteristics of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra. Icarus 211, 1022–1033.
M123(2014):Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,
M128(2020):Siltala, L., Granvik, M., 2020. Asteroid mass estimation with the robust adaptive Metropolis algorithm. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 633, A46.