Summary for : (18) Melpomene

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBASS- | -S2.69 ± 0.83   (C)31 %140.4 ± 4.93.5 %3.89e+18 ± 1.12e+1829 %SEVM
MBASS- | -S2.54 ± 0.60   (C)24 %138.8 ± 4.33.1 %3.55e+18 ± 7.67e+1722 %Sw.avg
MBAS2.15 ± 0.88   (C)41 %141.7 ± 4.93.4 %3.22e+18 ± 1.28e+1840 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(18) Melpomene140.57 ± 2.792.0 % STM2004D93 0.01 1
(18) Melpomene123.09 ± 3.292.7 % STM2010D642 27.54 2
(18) Melpomene142.85 ± 6.804.8 % NEATM2010D64 0.13 3
(18) Melpomene139.94 ± 1.851.3 % STM2011D83 0.05 4
(18) Melpomene141.00 ± 14.7110.4 % NEATM2011D72 0.00 5
(18) Melpomene146.00 ± 3.002.1 % ADAM2017D100 3.54 6

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

ADAM : All-Data Asteroid Modeling. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (140.4 ± 4.95) km   (ΔD/D = 4%, SNR = 28.38) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.69 ± 0.83) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 31%, SNR = 3.3)


References
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D100(2017):Hanuš, J., Viikinkoski, M., Marchis, F., et al., 2017. Volumes and bulk densities of forty asteroids from ADAM shape modeling. Astronomy and Astrophysics 601, A114 (2017). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629956

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(18) Melpomene3.00e+18 ± 1.01e+1834 %Deflec 2008M720.78 1
(18) Melpomene1.81e+18 ± 3.98e+1722 %Ephem 2009M80227.42 2
(18) Melpomene4.00e+18 ± 4.00e+1710 %Ephem 2009M860.07 3
(18) Melpomene3.96e+18 ± 2.80e+1871 %Deflec 2011M970.00 4
(18) Melpomene5.69e+18 ± 1.99e+1835 %Deflec 2011M970.81 5
(18) Melpomene4.94e+18 ± 1.95e+1839 %Deflec 2011M970.29 6
(18) Melpomene1.19e+18 ± 3.41e+18287 %Deflec 2011M9720.63 7
(18) Melpomene5.37e+18 ± 5.97e+1711 %OrbFitN 2014M1236.10 8
(18) Melpomene3.87e+18 ± 3.29e+178 %Ephem 2019M1260.01 9

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').


EVM mass average M = (3.894 ± 1.123) × 1018 kg   (ΔM/M = 29%, SNR = 3.5) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.69 ± 0.83) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 31%, SNR = 3.3)


References
M72(2008):Baer, J., Milani, A., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2008. An Observational Error Model, and Application to Asteroid Mass Determination, in: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, p. 493.
M80(2009):Fienga, A., Laskar, J., Morley, T., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Budnik, F., Gastineau, M., Somenzi, L., 2009. INPOP08, a 4-D planetary ephemeris: from asteroid and time-scale computations to ESA Mars Express and Venus Express contributions. Astronomy and Astrophysics 507, 1675–1686.
M86(2009):Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M97(2011):Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M123(2014):Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,