Summary for : (372) Palma

DynT.TT.BT T.L B T.DDensity (g/cm^3)Δρ/ρDiameter (km)ΔD/DMass (kg)ΔM/MRefAvg.M
MBABFCBC | X-1.65 ± 0.35   (C)22 %190.6 ± 6.43.4 %5.98e+18 ± 1.14e+1819 %SEVM
MBABFCBC | X-1.69 ± 0.55   (C)33 %185.7 ± 4.92.7 %5.66e+18 ± 1.79e+1832 %Sw.avg
MBAX1.40 ± 0.18   (B)13 %191.1 ± 2.71.4 %5.15e+18 ± 6.40e+1712 %C?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Additional resources:
3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

DesignationDiameter / Err (km)ΔD/DMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(372) Palma188.61 ± 3.201.7 % STM2004D93 0.39 1
(372) Palma192.83 ± 4.732.5 % STM2010D64 0.22 2
(372) Palma210.11 ± 9.504.5 % NEATM2010D642 4.21 3
(372) Palma194.00 ± 6.003.1 % Occ2011D95 0.32 4
(372) Palma187.00 ± 20.0010.7 % MDM:LO2011D78 0.03 5
(372) Palma198.00 ± 26.0013.1 % MDM:LO2011D78 0.08 6
(372) Palma177.21 ± 2.631.5 % STM2011D8312 26.00 7
(372) Palma190.36 ± 6.633.5 % NEATM2011D72 0.00 8

plot, average diameter and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

MDM:LO : Multi-Data Modeling: Lightcurves + Occultations. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. Occ : Stellar occultation. STM : Standard Thermal Model.


EVM diam. average D = (190.6 ± 6.41) km   (ΔD/D = 3%, SNR = 29.76) Derived bulk density ρ = (1.65 ± 0.35) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 22%, SNR = 4.6)


References
D64(2010):Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72(2011):Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D78(2011):Ďurech, J., Kaasalainen, M., Herald, D., Dunham, D., Timerson, B., Hanuš, J., Frappa, E., Talbot, J., Hayamizu, T., Warner, B.D., Pilcher, F., Galád, A., 2011. Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes. Icarus 214, 652–670.
D83(2011):Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93(2004):Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D95(2011):Dunham, D.W., Herald, D., Frappa, E., Hayamizu, T., Talbot, J., Timerson, B., 2011. Asteroid Occultations. NASA Planetary Data System. EAR-A-3-RDR-OCCULTATIONS-V9.0.

Mass estimates

DesignationMass / Err (kg)ΔM/MMethodYearRefNχ2Use
(372) Palma5.32e+18 ± 5.32e+1710 %Ephem 2009M861.53 1
(372) Palma2.76e+18 ± 7.48e+18271 %Deflec 2011M9720.19 2
(372) Palma6.36e+18 ± 9.94e+1716 %OrbFitN 2014M1230.15 3
(372) Palma8.32e+18 ± 2.18e+1826 %Ephem 2019M1261.15 4

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').


EVM mass average M = (5.977 ± 1.137) × 1018 kg   (ΔM/M = 19%, SNR = 5.3) Derived bulk density ρ = (1.65 ± 0.35) g/cm3   (Δρ/ρ = 22%, SNR = 4.6)


References
M86(2009):Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M97(2011):Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M123(2014):Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M126(2019):Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,