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Summary for : (11) Parthenope

Dyn	T.T	T.B	T T.L B	T.D	Density (g/cm^3)	Δρ/ρ	Diameter (km)	ΔD/D	Mass (kg)	ΔM/M	Ref	Avg.M
MBA	S	Sk	- \| -	Sq	2.97 ± 0.59 (A)	20 %	151.3 ± 7.4	4.9 %	5.39e+18 ± 7.12e+17	13 %	S	EVM
MBA	S	Sk	- \| -	Sq	3.48 ± 1.09 (C)	31 %	147.6 ± 5.5	3.7 %	5.86e+18 ± 1.71e+18	29 %	S	w.avg
MBA	Sq				3.27 ± 0.41 (A)	13 %	151.1 ± 5.1	3.4 %	5.91e+18 ± 4.50e+17	8 %	C	?

Average asteroid densities (g/cm^3):
C = 1.3 ± 0.6, B = 2.4 ± 0.5, S = 2.7 ± 0.5, M = 3.5 ± 1.0, P = 2.8 ± 1.6, X = 1.9 ± 0.8, Xc = 4.9 ± 0.9, Xk = 4.2 ± 0.7 (Ref)

Object is a Gaia target for mass determination !

Additional resources:

3D Model | JPL New Horizons | Minor Planet Center | Wikipedia (these auto-generated links might not work)

Note: The density estimates have been ranked from (A) to (E), corresponding to the relative error: (B) less than 20%, (C) between 20 and 50%, (D) between 50 and 100%, and (E) more than 100%. (A) stands for (presumably) reliable estimates (accuracy better than 20%), based on more than 5 mass estimates and 5 diameter estimates, or a spacecraft encounter. Apparently unrealistic densities (ρ > 8) are tagged with (X).

EVM: average by using the Expected Value Method (Ref). w.avg: weighted average (with w = 1/err^2).

T.T: Tholen Tax Class. T.B: Bus & Binzel Tax Class. T T.L: S3OS2 Lazarro (Tholen) Tax Class. T.L B: S3OS2 Lazarro (Bus & Binzel) Tax Class. T.D: DeMeo Tax Class.

Ref: S = SiMDA, C = Carry (2012)

Diameter estimates

Designation	Diameter / Err (km)	ΔD/D	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(11) Parthenope	153.33 ± 3.09	2.0 %	STM	2004	D93		0.41	1
(11) Parthenope	125.48 ± 3.47	2.8 %	STM	2010	D64	2	55.58	2
(11) Parthenope	142.37 ± 4.02	2.8 %	NEATM	2010	D64	2	4.99	3
(11) Parthenope	150.47 ± 2.05	1.4 %	STM	2011	D83		0.18	4
(11) Parthenope	159.11 ± 5.94	3.7 %	NEATM	2011	D72		1.71	5
(11) Parthenope	153.00 ± 5.00	3.3 %	ADAM	2017	D100		0.11	6
(11) Parthenope	156.00 ± 5.00	3.2 %	ADAM	2017	D100		0.87	7

plot, average diameter and derived density

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Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average diameter (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).

ADAM : All-Data Asteroid Modeling. NEATM : Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model. STM : Standard Thermal Model.

EVM diam. average D = (151.3 ± 7.41) km (ΔD/D = 5%, SNR = 20.44) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.97 ± 0.59) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 20%, SNR = 5.1)

References

D64	(2010):	Ryan, E.L., Woodward, C.E., 2010. Rectified Asteroid Albedos and Diameters from IRAS and MSX Photometry Catalogs. Astronomical Journal 140, 933–943.
D72	(2011):	Masiero, J.R., Mainzer, A.K., Grav, T., Bauer, J.M., Cutri, R.M., Dailey, J., Eisenhardt, P.R.M., McMillan, R.S., Spahr, T.B., Skrutskie, M.F., Tholen, D., Walker, R.G., Wright, E.L., DeBaun, E., Elsbury, D., Gautier, IV, T., Gomillion, S., Wilkins, A., 2011. Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters. Astrophysical Journal 741, 68.
D83	(2011):	Usui, F., Kuroda, D., Müller, T.G., Hasegawa, S., Ishiguro, M., Ootsubo, T., Ishihara, D., Kataza, H., Takita, S., Oyabu, S., Ueno, M., Matsuhara, H., Onaka, T., 2011. Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63, 1117–1138.
D93	(2004):	Tedesco, E.F., Noah, P.V., Noah, M.C., Price, S.D., 2004. IRAS Minor Planet Survey. NASA Planetary Data System. IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.
D100	(2017):	Hanuš, J., Viikinkoski, M., Marchis, F., et al., 2017. Volumes and bulk densities of forty asteroids from ADAM shape modeling. Astronomy and Astrophysics 601, A114 (2017). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629956

Mass estimates

Designation	Mass / Err (kg)	ΔM/M	Method	Year	Ref	N	χ²	Use
(11) Parthenope	5.13e+18 ± 1.99e+17	4 %	Deflec	1997	M9		1.77	1
(11) Parthenope	5.09e+18 ± 1.39e+17	3 %	Deflec	2001	M24	1	4.80	2
(11) Parthenope	6.15e+18 ± 3.98e+16	1 %	Deflec	2008	M72	2	360.18	3
(11) Parthenope	5.33e+18 ± 5.33e+17	10 %	Ephem	2009	M86		0.01	4
(11) Parthenope	3.75e+18 ± 2.05e+18	55 %	Ephem	2010	M93	2	0.64	5
(11) Parthenope	5.89e+18 ± 2.53e+17	4 %	Deflec	2011	M97		3.83	6
(11) Parthenope	5.21e+18 ± 1.57e+18	30 %	Deflec	2011	M97	2	0.01	7
(11) Parthenope	5.86e+18 ± 2.51e+17	4 %	Deflec	2011	M97		3.44	8
(11) Parthenope	5.86e+18 ± 2.55e+17	4 %	Deflec	2011	M97		3.33	9
(11) Parthenope	7.56e+18 ± 1.79e+18	24 %	Ephem	2011	M100	2	1.46	10
(11) Parthenope	4.97e+18 ± 1.99e+17	4 %	OrbFitN	2014	M123		4.53	11
(11) Parthenope	4.97e+18 ± 9.94e+17	20 %	Deflec	2015	M124		0.18	12
(11) Parthenope	4.69e+18 ± 1.53e+17	3 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	21.03	13
(11) Parthenope	5.65e+18 ± 5.79e+17	10 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	0.19	14
(11) Parthenope	1.40e+19 ± 2.60e+18	19 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	11.06	15
(11) Parthenope	9.74e+18 ± 3.46e+18	36 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	1.58	16
(11) Parthenope	3.64e+18 ± 1.42e+18	39 %	Deflec	2017	M125	2	1.53	17
(11) Parthenope	4.77e+18 ± 1.47e+17	3 %	Deflec	2017	M125	3	17.94	18
(11) Parthenope	6.57e+18 ± 1.06e+18	16 %	Ephem	2019	M126	2	1.22	19

plot, average mass and derived density

All

Notes (N):
1: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in Carry (2012).
2: This estimate is discarded for the average mass (and derived density) calculation in SiMDA (catalog).
3: This estimate is an average of individual solutions listed before under the same reference (e.g. M125).

Deflec : Orbital deflection (close encounter) of one or several test asteroids (classical LSQ). Ephem : Planetary ephemeris solution. OrbFitN : Simultaneous multi-asteroid astrometric orbit solution (similar to 'Ephem').

EVM mass average M = (5.395 ± 0.712) × 10¹⁸ kg (ΔM/M = 13%, SNR = 7.6) Derived bulk density ρ = (2.97 ± 0.59) g/cm³ (Δρ/ρ = 20%, SNR = 5.1)

References

M9	(1997):	Viateau, B., Rapaport, M., 1997. The Bordeaux meridian observations of asteroids. First determination of the mass of (11) Parthenope. Astronomy 320, 652–658.
M24	(2001):	Viateau, B., Rapaport, M., 2001. Mass and density of asteroids (4) Vesta and (11) Parthenope. Astronomy and Astrophysics 370, 602–609.
M72	(2008):	Baer, J., Milani, A., Chesley, S.R., Matson, R.D., 2008. An Observational Error Model, and Application to Asteroid Mass Determination, in: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, p. 493.
M86	(2009):	Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., 2009. The planetary and lunar ephemeris de 421. IPN Progress Report 42, 1–34.
M93	(2010):	Fienga, A., Manche, H., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., 2010. INPOP10a. Scientific Notes.
M97	(2011):	Zielenbach, W., 2011. Mass Determination Studies of 104 Large Asteroids. Astronomical Journal 142, 120–128.
M100	(2011):	Fienga, A., Kuchynka, P., Laskar, J., Manche, H., Gastineau, M., 2011. Asteroid mass determinations with INPOP planetary ephemerides. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 , 1879.
M123	(2014):	Goffin, E., 2014. Astrometric asteroid masses: a simultaneous determination. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 565, id.A56, 8 pp.
M124	(2015):	Kretlow, M., 2015. https://astro.kretlow.de .
M125	(2017):	Baer, J., Chesley, S.R., 2017. Simultaneous Mass Determination for Gravitationally Coupled Asteroids. The Astronomical Journal, Volume 154, Issue 2, article id. 76, 11 pp.
M126	(2019):	Fienga, A., et. al, 2019. INPOP19a planetary ephemeris. Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l'Institut de mécanique céleste,

Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA)

Summary for : (11) Parthenope

Diameter estimates

Mass estimates